The Sea Life Centre next to the pier in Brighton in the UK is the world’s oldest operating aquarium. Originally designed by Eugenius Birch in 1872, the popular attraction has recently benefited from substantial renovation and now offers a range of new attractions.
With hundreds of highly valuable marine creatures to protect, water quality is a key issue and routine monitoring is now undertaken with Hach Lange instruments.
“The recent building work presented a series of challenges, but we have been able to protect water quality throughout the project with a monitoring regime that was designed to detect quickly any deterioration in water quality and to provide the highest level of vigilance for the most sensitive species,” says Displays Curator Carey Duckhouse.
To protect water quality, each tank at the Brighton attraction has its own filtration system, including a pressurised sand filter, a biological filter and a carbon filter where appropriate. Some tanks, containing particularly sensitive species such as seahorses, octopus and jellyfish, also feature an ultraviolet treatment system.
Many marine organisms will die quickly if the dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature or salinity levels move outside acceptable boundaries, so temperature measurements are taken daily on all tanks, DO is measured three times/day in the main ocean tank, and salinity and DO are measured twice per week in all tanks. A hand-held HQD water quality meter is employed for this purpose, utilising the latest sensor technology such as an optical LDO sensor, which substantially improves the reliability of oxygen measurements.
However, as Duckhouse explains, “Even subtle changes in water quality can stress marine organisms, which makes them more sensitive to disease, so a range of other parameters such as ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, copper and iron, are also measured with a Hach Lange DR 2800 spectrophotometer.”
Reagents for the spectrophotometer tests are supplied in small pre-filled powder pillows containing extremely accurate amounts of reagents. This ensures that the tests are conducted in the same way every time and avoids potential errors while also saving time and chemical wastage.
Giant Japanese Spider Crabs are among the valuable marine creatures housed in the centre
Photo courtesy of Steven Candy
The spectrophotometer has an internal memory containing the calibration data for a large number of parameters so that Duckhouse and her colleagues simply choose the pillow reagents for the tests they need.
The test procedure is very simple; the contents of a powered pillow are simply added to a small sample and a coloured solution is allowed to develop for a specific time. The sample tube is then inserted into the spectrophotometer, which provides a highly accurate and repeatable reading.
The water quality monitoring equipment is also used in research conducted in collaboration with Sussex University. Much of this work is with Cephalopods such as cuttlefish and addresses a range of issues including feeding behaviour, camouflage and nutrition. Accurate water quality monitoring is necessary in all of this work to ensure that observed effects are not the result of water quality changes.
Visitors to the aquarium can view research work during the ‘Behind the Scenes’ tour, in addition to the nursery area, the laboratory and the food preparation section.
Clearly, water quality is key to the success of an aquarium and Duckhouse says, “If Eugenius Birch were alive today I am sure he would be delighted to see that the aquarium has continued to thrive, and as an engineer he would be fascinated by the water quality monitoring technology that we are now able to employ.”
The Brighton Sea Life Centre is the oldest aquarium in the world
Photo courtesy of Julia Claxton
